Chinese universities need to attract more foreign students, but not by treating them differently
- China has a talent-deficit problem that, if unsolved, will constrain its ability to innovate and further develop. It should take several steps to meet the challenge, starting with removing the wall between local and international students
Rather than obsessing on individual cases, we should also reflect on the broader question: why, despite all the perks and scholarships, do Chinese universities struggle to internationalise and attract top-calibre students from abroad?
Previous phases of globalisation were fuelled by the flow of goods. Today, trade is weakening as a driver of growth due to political and long-term structural trends. By contrast, global talent flows hold great potential as vectors of innovation, growth and development.
This gives a chance for other countries to position themselves as global hubs for education. China has made great strides forward, becoming Asia’s top destination to study abroad. However, compared to market leaders such as the US and Britain, there is much room for improvement.
This imbalance feeds into China’s continuing status as a net exporter of skilled talent.
Addressing China’s “talent deficit” requires steps by the government and education institutions to attract international students.
Meanwhile, universities should improve the experience for international students. This does not mean more special treatment, but rather ensuring that international students have access to similarly rich opportunities as their domestic peers.
Traditionally, international students have been managed separately from domestic students, creating a wall between them. Often, they live in separate buildings and must enrol in different courses. This differentiated mode of management has hindered integration and fed misperceptions on campus.
Just as with the treatment of foreign companies in China, it is time to move away from the old mindset that rigidly differentiates “foreign” from “Chinese”.
The fact is, most international students do not come to China to be treated differently and enjoy special privileges. They and domestic students alike would benefit from a more integrated educational and social experience. We should expand options for them to live and study together, rather than being walled off in separate dorms and classrooms.
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English-language programmes should also be expanded and improved. At present, international students often face the daunting task of mastering Chinese and graduating within just five years. More universities could offer courses in English, as is the case in other countries. This would give international students pathways through higher education without a prerequisite for Chinese proficiency, increasingly the potential pool for student recruitment.
Weakness in international programmes is partly due to a lack of qualified teachers. For example, fewer than 1 per cent of teachers at colleges and universities in China come from overseas. Chinese universities should cast their nets wider to recruit top academic leaders and teachers from around the world.
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Reforming government caps on tuition fees, currently held below the market rate, would also support internationalisation. International students often represent a cost burden for universities. Loosening controls on international fees would encourage universities to recruit overseas and provide funds to improve services. In the US and Britain, international fees have come to be an important source of funding for scientific research and investment.
The steps outlined above could help attract and retain more international students, energising China’s development and deepening links with countries around the world. International education can grow into a pillar industry for China, bringing jobs, revenue and diversity to local communities. It would also help nurture a base of talent to support the Belt and Road Initiative.
Short-term buddies and special treatment are not the way to overcome China’s education imbalance. Rather, we should reduce the distinction between Chinese and foreign, allowing international students to truly make a home in China through deeper integration, lasting friendships and opportunities for development.
Wang Huiyao is the founder of the Centre for China and Globalisation, a Beijing-based non-governmental think tank